Collier, Richard. Duce! a Biography of Benito Mussolini.  1971.  Viking Press.                                    

Hartenian, Larry.Benito Mussolini . (World Leaders Past and Present). 1988.  Chelsea House Pub.                            

Lyttle, Richard B. Il Duce: The Rise and Fall of Benito Mussolini, New York. Macmillan. 1987.

Smith, Denis M. Mussolini. New York. Alfred A. Knopf. 1982.